In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell. Solar cells physics kids projects, physics science fair project, pyhsical science, astrology, planets solar experiments for kids and also organics physics science ideas for cbse,icse,gcse,middleschool, elementary school for 5th,6th,7th,8th,9th and high school students. The readeris told why pv cells work, and how theyare made. It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is. Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power. Apparatus for characteristic study of solar cell model no.
Thereis also a chapter on advanced types of silicon cells. The details of each of the three processes are beyond the scope of this manual. Effective teaching methods projectbased learning in physics. Experiment instructions to carry out an investigation into the factors affecting the voltage produced by a solar cell. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity. Meanwhile, work on the physics of pv phenomena has. Pdf after completion of the solar cell manufacturing process the currentdensity versus. They should read the procedure thoroughly for the lab experiment from the manual and come well prepared.
Experiments with solar cell from solar kit european physical. A solar cell is a solidstate electrical device pn junction that converts the energy of light directly into electricity dc using the photovoltaic effect. This experiment will offer a deeper analysis into the relationship between solar panel efficiency and dust buildup. Characteristics of solar cell fill factor experiment youtube. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. Heres how to calculate the power the solar cell delivers to the motor. Secondly, on lab scale the real contact area of solar cells. Selenium cells have never become practical as energy. Practical photovoltaic pv cells were discovered in 1954 when they were demonstrated by. We give the upper limit to the solar cell e ciency.
Solar cells physics or astronomy science fair projects. Repeat the experiment for different values of lamp voltage say150, 200. Under illumi nation from an artificial light source with an intensity of 8. Denis ar con ljubljana, may 2011 abstract this seminar is a short overview of current photovoltaics. Core practical 3 teacher sheet determine the emf and internal resistance of an electrical cell practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by cleapss. A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. If youre looking for a free download links of solar cell device physics pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. Constructing the photovoltaic energy system for light. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. Interesting and inexpensive experiments for high school. Vary the distance of the lamp to the cell by placing the lamp on blocks or books. The pm section of the worksheet stands for peer marking. For an extensive description of the physics of solar cells, we refer.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading physics of solar cells. Physics education division ped of the european physical society eps. The lab exercises found in this manual focus on the physics that is the basis of issues concerning the generation and use of energy in our technological society. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. Curriculum and experiments using the photovoltaic education kits. Constraints on novel solar cellspanels 1 due to the cost of the balance of systems, a solar cell of zero cost must exhibit efficiency greater than about 15% to be financially practical. Todd kaiser montana state university solar cell lab manual july 2009 this manual was designed for use with the montana microfabrication facility at montana state university. Pdf teaching solar cell iv characteristics using spice. Physics formula for calculating power power current x voltage. This set of experiments responds to requests from teachers of physics in.
At the same time, the internal resistance of solar cell has also been calculated through the experiments. In 1958 they found wide acceptance as part of the space program. This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and. This was because i tried to setup before dawn and things began to gather dew.
Chapters 68cover the designs of systems constructed from individual cells includingpossible constructions for putting cells together and the equipment needed for a practioal producer of electrical energy. Substantially improved agreement between the results of this theory and experiment is reached. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. This thesis include five experiment about the distance, angle, circuit connection and wavelength of light source, that investigate how theses variables can affect the solar panel function.
A few basic household items are required for several experiments such as a light bulb and tin foil. Pdf solar cell iv curves demonstrate the relationship between the current and voltage across. Solar cell characterization apparatus iv characteristics. This is the total sunlight power that a square meter of land will receive in one year. Pdf the basic equivalent circuit of a pn junction solar cell is most. I tested all the tracking and data logging software routines before running the experiment outside with the real tracker hardware. It can yield chemical fuel via natural photosynthesis in green plants or artificial photosynthesis in humanengineered systems. The power of a solar cell is the product of the voltage across the solar cell times the current through the solar cell. Determine the emf and internal resistance of an electrical cell objective.
In this video we will study the characteristics of solar cell. Crystalline silicon solar cells have dominated the photovoltaic market since. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. The process of conversion first requires a material which absorbs the solar energy photon, and then raises an electron to a higher energy state, and then the flow of this highenergy electron to an external circuit. Published by the american association of physics teachers. However, the performance is steadily improving and polymer solar cells promise to enable much lower production costs because the active layers can be deposited from. Experiments with pv cells uo solar radiation monitoring.
Solar information module 62 published february 1982 this book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of pv solar cells and systems. Joe wolfe1, school of physics, the university of new south wales, sydney. The physics of solar cells by jenny nelson, imperial college press, 2003. In our experiment, the solar cell and motor had v 1. Experiments with photovoltaic cells university of oregon.
Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances. Student attending the practical in repeat session will get less marks b. Application of pn junctions within solar cells is discussed. Peter wurfel describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency. The characteristics is given in my book without any explanation. The difficulty lies in converting it efficiently and cheaply. Newest solarcells questions physics stack exchange. Measurement of short circuit current iesc with biasing the solar cell and compare it with the. An ofsted inspector rated the lesson as good with some outstanding features.
Based on the highly successful german version, but thoroughly revised and updated, this edition contains the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of. Experiments in engineering physics physics lab manual fourth revised edition. The physics of solar cells journal of applied physics 50, 5356 1979. Good solar sites usually have greater than 2500 kwhm2 of power available per year. In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function.
Giri department of physics indian institute of technology guwahati a project completed under the curriculum development cell, quality improvement program q. Hoedsc01 is an effective tool for evaluating the characteristics of solar cell. Sure to spark a greater scientific interest in the world we live in. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Pdf fill factor analysis of solar cells currentvoltage curves. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot iv characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment. Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. Solar cells are like batteries series and parallel pv cell connections. Class 12, physics experiment,to study the vi characteristics curve of p n junction in forward bias. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Department of physics engineering physics lab manual as per 2017 academic regulation common to all branches of b. Experiments are being conducted on alternative grid. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. The rate of energy generation or power from the solar cell.
Using photovoltaic cells also called solar cells, solar energy can be converted into electricity. The impressive supply of solar energy is complemented by its versatility, as illustrated in figure 1. A solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to convert solar radiation directly to dc electrical energy. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. I setup the equipment outside once the day began to warm. Hereby, we present the first version of our book solar. A fully levelled investigation into how cloud cover effects the amount of electricity solar cells produce. Pdf method to determine the single curve iv characteristic. To obtain a viable power output for practical applica. From basic principles to advanced concepts no longer used. This kit includes instructions to do seven fun experiments, as well as an explanation of how solar power is harnessed. Such behavior is analyzed in more detail for the example of cdscu 2 s and cd z zn 1.
So i did an experiment with solar cells to obtain an i. A novel methodology is proposed to obtain exactly the five. The above data shows that there is significant power available in solar energy. Article pdf available in journal of physics conference series. Solar cells produce direct current dc electricity and an inverter can be used to change this to alternating current ac electricity. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right figure 1. The physics of the solar cell can be described well by a number of basic equations, partially. Solar photovoltaic cells introduction one method of converting energy from the sun solar energy is to use a solar cell also known as a photovoltaic cell. To study the characteristics of solar cell to study the. The physics of the solar cell university of california. Practical photovoltaic pv cells were discovered in 1954 when they were demonstrated by powering toys. From the results of these experiments we found that, the value of i 0 is between.
I have also found some information through the internet about this effect of dust buildup on the efficiency of the panel. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. You will need solar cells, voltmeters and tracing paper for the practical. Sunlight can be converted into electricity by exciting electrons in a solar cell. Polymer cells can be made with a power conversion efficiency of 9%, which is still somewhat lower than that of inorganic silicon solar cells with efficiencies on the order of 15%. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. Physics laboratory manual for engineering undergraduates dr. Effect of temperature on a solar panel results carrying out the experiment.
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